Overview
A lumbar disc herniation occurs when the soft inner material of a spinal disc pushes through a tear in the outer layer, compressing nearby nerves. This is one of the most common causes of lower back and leg pain.
Common Symptoms
Sharp or burning pain radiating down one leg
Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
Muscle weakness in the affected leg
Pain worsening with sitting, bending, or lifting
Difficulty standing or walking for extended periods
When to Seek Care
If you experience persistent leg pain lasting more than 4–6 weeks, progressive weakness, or loss of bladder/bowel control (a medical emergency), seek immediate evaluation.
Treatment Options
Physical therapy and rehabilitation
Anti-inflammatory medications
Epidural steroid injections
Microdiscectomy (minimally invasive)
Endoscopic disc surgery
Minimally Invasive Options
Most lumbar disc herniations can be treated with minimally invasive microdiscectomy — a procedure performed through an incision smaller than one inch, often as an outpatient surgery with rapid recovery.